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Awọn sensọ LiDAR ti afẹfẹle ya awọn aaye kan pato lati pulse lesa, ti a mọ si awọn wiwọn ipadabọ ọtọtọ, tabi ṣe igbasilẹ ifihan agbara pipe bi o ti n pada, ti a pe ni kikun-igbi, ni awọn aaye arin ti o wa titi bii 1 ns (eyiti o bo nipa 15 cm).LiDAR-igbi ni kikun jẹ lilo pupọ julọ ninu igbo, lakoko ti ipadabọ ọtọtọ LiDAR ni awọn ohun elo gbooro kọja awọn aaye lọpọlọpọ.Nkan yii ni akọkọ jiroro lori ipadabọ iyatọ LiDAR ati awọn lilo rẹ.Ninu ori yii, a yoo bo ọpọlọpọ awọn koko-ọrọ pataki nipa LiDAR, pẹlu awọn paati ipilẹ rẹ, bii o ṣe n ṣiṣẹ, deede rẹ, awọn eto, ati awọn orisun to wa.
Awọn paati ipilẹ ti LiDAR
Awọn ọna LiDAR ti o da lori ilẹ ni igbagbogbo lo awọn laser pẹlu awọn iwọn gigun laarin 500-600 nm, lakoko ti awọn ọna LiDAR ti afẹfẹ lo awọn laser pẹlu awọn igbi gigun, ti o wa lati 1000-1600 nm.Eto LiDAR ti afẹfẹ ti o peye pẹlu ọlọjẹ laser kan, ẹyọkan fun ijinna wiwọn (ẹyọ ti o yatọ), ati awọn eto fun iṣakoso, ibojuwo, ati gbigbasilẹ.O tun pẹlu Eto Iṣalaye Agbaye Iyatọ (DGPS) ati Ẹka Idiwọn Inertial (IMU), nigbagbogbo ṣepọ sinu eto ẹyọkan ti a mọ bi ipo ati eto iṣalaye.Eto yii n pese ipo deede (gungitude, latitude, ati giga) ati data iṣalaye (yipo, ipolowo, ati akọle).
Awọn ilana ninu eyiti ina lesa n ṣayẹwo agbegbe le yatọ, pẹlu zigzag, ni afiwe, tabi awọn ọna elliptical.Apapo ti DGPS ati data IMU, pẹlu data isọdọtun ati awọn aye iṣagbesori, ngbanilaaye eto lati ṣe ilana deede awọn aaye laser ti a gba.Awọn aaye wọnyi ni a yan awọn ipoidojuko (x, y, z) ninu eto ipoidojuko agbegbe nipa lilo Eto Geodetic Agbaye ti 1984 (WGS84) datum.
Bawo ni LiDARLatọna oyeAwọn iṣẹ?Ṣe alaye ni Ọna Rọrun
Eto LiDAR kan njade awọn iṣan ina lesa ni iyara si ohun ibi-afẹde tabi dada.
Awọn iṣọn laser ṣe afihan ibi-afẹde ati pada si sensọ LiDAR.
Sensọ naa ṣe iwọn deede akoko ti o gba fun pulse kọọkan lati rin irin-ajo lọ si ibi-afẹde ati sẹhin.
Lilo iyara ti ina ati akoko irin-ajo, ijinna si ibi-afẹde jẹ iṣiro.
Ni idapọ pẹlu ipo ati data iṣalaye lati GPS ati awọn sensọ IMU, awọn ipoidojuko 3D kongẹ ti awọn iweyinpada lesa ti pinnu.
Eyi ni abajade ni ipon 3D aaye awọsanma ti o nsoju oju ti ṣayẹwo tabi ohun kan.
Ilana ti ara ti LiDAR
Awọn ọna LiDAR lo awọn oriṣi meji ti awọn lesa: pulsed ati igbi lilọsiwaju.Awọn eto LiDAR pulsed ṣiṣẹ nipa fifiranṣẹ pulse ina kukuru ati lẹhinna wiwọn akoko ti o gba fun pulse yii lati rin irin-ajo lọ si ibi-afẹde ati pada si olugba.Iwọn yi ti akoko irin-ajo iyipo ṣe iranlọwọ lati pinnu ijinna si ibi-afẹde.Apeere kan han ninu aworan atọka nibiti awọn titobi mejeeji ifihan ina ti a tan kaakiri (AT) ati ifihan ina ti o gba (AR) ti han.Idogba ipilẹ ti a lo ninu eto yii pẹlu iyara ina (c) ati ijinna si ibi-afẹde (R), gbigba eto laaye lati ṣe iṣiro ijinna ti o da lori bi o ṣe pẹ to fun ina lati pada.
Ipadabọ ọtọtọ ati wiwọn igbi ni kikun nipa lilo LiDAR afẹfẹ afẹfẹ.
Eto LiDAR afẹfẹ afẹfẹ aṣoju.
Ilana wiwọn ni LiDAR, eyiti o ṣe akiyesi mejeeji aṣawari ati awọn abuda ti ibi-afẹde, ni akopọ nipasẹ idogba LiDAR boṣewa.Idogba yii jẹ deede lati idogba radar ati pe o jẹ ipilẹ ni oye bi awọn eto LiDAR ṣe n ṣe iṣiro awọn ijinna.O ṣe apejuwe ibatan laarin agbara ti ifihan agbara ti a firanṣẹ (Pt) ati agbara ti ifihan ti o gba (Pr).Ni pataki, idogba ṣe iranlọwọ lati ṣe iwọn iye ti ina ti o tan kaakiri ti a da pada si olugba lẹhin ti o ṣe afihan ibi-afẹde naa, eyiti o ṣe pataki fun ṣiṣe ipinnu awọn ijinna ati ṣiṣẹda awọn maapu deede.Ibasepo yii ṣe akiyesi awọn ifosiwewe bii idinku ifihan agbara nitori ijinna ati awọn ibaraenisepo pẹlu aaye ibi-afẹde.
Awọn ohun elo ti Imọye Latọna jijin LiDAR
Imọye latọna jijin LiDAR ni ọpọlọpọ awọn ohun elo kọja awọn aaye lọpọlọpọ:
Ilẹ ati aworan agbaye topographic fun ṣiṣẹda awọn awoṣe igbega oni-nọmba giga-giga (DEMs).
Igi-igi ati aworan aworan eweko lati ṣe iwadi eto ibori igi ati baomasi.
Ipinlẹ etikun ati aworan agbaye fun mimojuto ogbara ati awọn iyipada ipele okun.
Eto ilu ati awoṣe amayederun, pẹlu awọn ile ati awọn nẹtiwọọki gbigbe.
Archaeology ati iwe ohun-ini aṣa ti awọn aaye itan ati awọn ohun-ọṣọ.
Awọn iwadii Jiolojikali ati iwakusa fun awọn ẹya dada aworan agbaye ati awọn iṣẹ ibojuwo.
Gbigbe ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ adase ati wiwa idiwo.
Ayewakiri Planetary, gẹgẹbi ṣiṣe aworan agbaye ti Mars.
Ṣe o nilo ijumọsọrọ ọfẹ kan?
Awọn orisun LiDAR:
Atokọ ti ko pe ti awọn orisun data LiDAR ati sọfitiwia ọfẹ ti pese ni isalẹ. Awọn orisun data LiDAR:
1.Ṣii Topographyhttp://www.opentopography.org
2.USGS Earth Explorerhttp://earthexplorer.usgs.gov
3.United States Interagency igbega Ojahttps://coast.noaa.gov/ inventory/
4.Isakoso Okun ti Orilẹ-ede ati Afẹfẹ (NOAA)Etikun oni-nọmbahttps://www.coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#
5.Wikipedia LiDARhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Lidar_Dataset_(United_States)
6.LiDAR Onlinehttp://www.lidar-online.com
7.National Ecological Observatory Network-NEONhttp://www.neonscience.org/data-resources/get-data/airborne-data
8.Data LiDAR fun Northern Spainhttp://b5m.gipuzkoa.net/url5000/en/G_22485/PUBLI&consulta=HAZLIDAR
9.Data LiDAR fun United Kingdomhttp://catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/ list/?return_obj=ob&id=8049, 8042, 8051, 8053
Software LiDAR Ọfẹ:
1.Nbeere ENVI.http://bcal.geology.isu.edu/ Envitools.shtml
2.FugroViewer(fun LiDAR ati awọn miiran raster / data fekito) http://www.fugroviewer.com/
3.FUSION/LDV(Wiwo data LiDAR, iyipada, ati itupalẹ) http://forsys.cfr.washington.edu/fusion/fusionlatest.html
4.Awọn irinṣẹ Las(koodu ati sọfitiwia fun kika ati kikọ awọn faili LAS) http://www.cs.unc.edu/~isenburg/lastools/
5.LASUtility(Eto ti awọn ohun elo GUI fun iworan ati iyipada ti LASfiles) http://home.iitk.ac.in/~blohani/LASUtility/LASUtility.html
6.LibLAS(C/C++ ikawe fun kika/kikọ LAS kika) http://www.liblas.org/
7.MCC-LiDAR(Ilana ìsépo-ọpọlọpọ fun LiDAR) http://sourceforge.net/projects/mcclidar/
8.MARS FreeView(Iwoye 3D ti data LiDAR) http://www.merrick.com/Geospatial/Software-Products/MARS-Software
9.Itupalẹ ni kikun(Ṣi sọfitiwia orisun fun sisẹ ati wiwo awọn awọsanma LiDARpoint ati awọn fọọmu igbi) http://fullanalyze.sourceforge.net/
10.Point awọsanma Magic (A set of software tools for LiDAR point cloud visualiza-tion, editing, filtering, 3D building modeling, and statistical analysis in forestry/ vegetation applications. Contact Dr. Cheng Wang at wangcheng@radi.ac.cn)
11.Awọn ọna Terrain Reader(Iwoye ti awọn awọsanma aaye LiDAR) http://appliedimagery.com/download/ Awọn irinṣẹ sọfitiwia LiDAR ni a le rii lati oju-iwe wẹẹbu Ṣii Topography ToolRegistry ni http://opentopo.sdsc.edu/tools/listTools.
Awọn iyin
- Nkan yii ṣafikun iwadii lati “ Sensing Latọna jijin LiDAR ati Awọn ohun elo ” nipasẹ Vinícius Guimarães, 2020. Nkan ni kikun waNibi.
- Atokọ okeerẹ yii ati apejuwe alaye ti awọn orisun data LiDAR ati sọfitiwia ọfẹ n pese ohun elo irinṣẹ pataki fun awọn alamọja ati awọn oniwadi ni aaye ti oye jijin ati itupalẹ agbegbe.
AlAIgBA:
- A n kede bayi pe diẹ ninu awọn aworan ti o han lori oju opo wẹẹbu wa ni a ti gba lati intanẹẹti fun idi ti igbega ẹkọ ati pinpin alaye.A bọwọ fun awọn ẹtọ ohun-ini ọgbọn ti gbogbo awọn olupilẹṣẹ atilẹba.Lilo awọn aworan wọnyi kii ṣe ipinnu fun ere iṣowo.
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Akoko ifiweranṣẹ: Oṣu Kẹrin Ọjọ 16-2024